From Crowding to Density: Conceptual Developments, Methods and Research

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Abstract
Psychological interest in crowding has tended to focus on density-related phenomena and their experiential attributes. A synopsis of psychological models and methods is presented, followed by an overview of diverse research interests with relevance to high density situations. The review is organized around personal, social and physical characteristics. Finally it is argued that an ecological analysis of density distributions would involve recognition of temporal, social and physical dimensions, and its relation with the individual's subjective experiences of density conditions.