Longitudinal Studies of Sleep and Dream Patterns in Manic-Depressive Patients
- 1 September 1968
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Medical Association (AMA) in Archives of General Psychiatry
- Vol. 19 (3) , 312-329
- https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1968.01740090056006
Abstract
THIS REPORT presents the results of a longitudinal study involving 162 nights of all-night polygraphic recording in six manic-depressive patients who were followed through the various clinical phases of their illness. Depressed patients have been the subjects of a number of investigations in the sleep laboratory, although usually no distinction has been made between different classes of depression.1-11No studies of mania have been reported up to now except for a preliminary report from our laboratory.7Results in depressed patients are conflicting to a certain extent; even the most prominent finding in one study is not noted at all in another. However, some points are clear. A sleep disturbance exists; depressed patients generally have less total sleep than normal subjects, and more awakenings during the night.3-5,8,9They usually have less stage 4 (deep slowwave) sleep.3-5,8,9,11The early-morning awakenings traditionally associatedKeywords
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