Magnetic resonance signal-to-noise calculation: direct vs lock-in recording

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Abstract
The signal‐to‐noise ratios (S/N) of magnetic resonance lines using two methods of post‐spectrometer signal processing are compared. These methods are the direct method, which records the resonance line shape itself, and the lock‐in method, which records its derivative. The S/N of the resonance line, its derivative, and its integral are derived for both methods. Calculated S/N for the two methods are substantially the same for the derivative of the line, but are better for the direct method for the line itself and its integral. Practical experimental considerations concerning the two methods are discussed.