The epidemiology of conjoined twinning in Southern Africa

Abstract
Thirty-one sets of conjoined twins were born in southern Africa during the period Feb. 1974-May 1982 with a striking increase in incidence in 1974 and 1975. There was no ethnic or social predilection, but clustering of cases occurred in a remote area of Zimbabwe. No etiological agent was discovered, and there was no seasonal variation in the time of conception. Female conjoined twins accounted for 62% of cases, and 20 sets were of the thoracopagus type. Four pairs were separated, 3 of which were of the xiphopagus subtype and have survived.

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