Macronutrients, fatty acids and cholesterol intake and endometrial cancer

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Abstract
Background: There is some evidence that dietary habits may influence the risk of endometrial cancer independently of body mass, although the role of diet on endometrial carcinogenesis is unclear. Patients and methods: We carried out a multicenter case–control study from 1992 to 2006 in Italy on 454 women with incident, histologically confirmed endometrial cancer (age range 18–79 years) and 908 controls (age range 19–79 years) admitted to hospitals for acute, non-neoplastic diseases. A validated food-frequency questionnaire was used to estimate macronutrients, fatty acids and cholesterol intake. Logistic regression models, conditioned on age and study centre, and adjusted for major known risk factor of endometrial cancer and residual of energy intake were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Significant direct associations were observed with intake of energy (OR = 1.7 for the highest versus the lowest quintile, 95% CI = 1.1–2.5), and cholesterol (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.4–3.2), while a direct borderline association emerged with saturated fatty acids (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.9–2.0). There was no association with proteins, sugars, starch, total fat and other selected fatty acids. Conclusion: Energy and cholesterol intake were associated with endometrial cancer.