The vitamin D status of East Indian Punjabi immigrants to Canada

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Abstract
1. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), calcium and alkaline phosphatase (EC3.1.3.1) levels and vitamin D intakes (from 3 d weighed dietary records) were determined in a cohort of fifty-nine male East Indian Punjabi immigrants (37.7 (SD 10.5) years) and fifty-four females (33.3 (SD 7.4) years).2. Females had somewhat lower mean serum 25-OHD levels (12.3 (SD 5.0) v. 14.2 (SD 5.1) ng/ml,P< 0.05) and serum Ca levels (88 (SD 8) v. 91 (SD 6) mg/l) than males (P< 0.05) whereas serum alkaline phosphatase values (males 167 (SD 63), females 169 (SD 43) IU/l) and dietary vitamin D intakes (males 3.5 (SD 1.8), females 3.3 (SD 2.0) μg/d) were similar.3. 22% Of the females and 12% of the males had serum 25-OHD levels below 9.0 ng/ml but none had serum 25-OHD levels within the range associated with clinically overt disease.4. In the males, serum 25-OHD levels were negatively correlated with dietary fibre intakes (g/d; r–0.29;P< 0.05).5. Multiple-regression analysis indicated that log serum 25-OHD levels were not related to dietary vitamin D intakes. Instead they were associated with sex and dietary fibre intakes (g/MJ) (F3.71;P= 0.03). These two variables explained 8% of the variance.