Summer survival of the green spruce aphid, Elatobium abietinum, in North East Scotland

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Abstract
In North East Scotland small numbers of all developmental stages of the green spruce aphid survived on Sitka spruce needles during the summer months despite the nutritional inadequacy of these needles for aphid survival following population collapse in early summer. The surviving adults lost weight and fat reserves in response to time and contained low numbers of embryos. No metabolic acclimatization of the respiration rate occurred in response to exposure to different temperatures. Aphid respiration rates during summer were significantly higher than those in winter. Therefore, it was concluded that no summer aestivation occurred. Summer survival was dependent on the ability of a few aphids of all instars to survive on the nutritionally inadequate host, these aphids possibly possessing higher than normal fat reserves or feeding on marginally nutritionally superior trees or shoots.