Quality of Agroecological Matrix in a Tropical Montane Landscape: Ants in Coffee Plantations in Southern Mexico
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- 18 January 2002
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Wiley in Conservation Biology
- Vol. 16 (1) , 174-182
- https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.99536.x
Abstract
Conservation efforts in fragmented landscapes frequently focus on characteristics of the habitat fragments. We propose that the matrix within which habitat fragments occur is of equal importance and focus on quality of the matrix as an interesting variable. We studied ground-foraging ants in isolated montane forest fragments in the matrix of coffee agroecosystems of southwestern Chiapas, Mexico. We sampled the ants, with tuna fish as bait, in plots at various distances from a forest fragment (2–750 m) on two farms, one an organic farm with considerable shade, the other a conventional farm with only spotty shade. Each plot contained a grid of 49 ( 7 × 7) or 100 (10 × 10) baits. The species richness of ground-foraging ants was not significantly different between the forest fragment and the high-quality matrix, but it was significantly lower in the low-quality matrix than in the forest. Furthermore, species richness decreased with distance from the forest fragment in both matrix types. However, the rate of decrease in species richness was greater in the conventional farm ( poor-quality matrix) than in the organic farm ( high-quality matrix), suggesting that the quality of the agricultural matrix is important for the conservation of ant diversity. Resumen: Los esfuerzos de conservación en paisajes fragmentados frecuentemente enfocan las características de los fragmentos de hábitat. Proponemos que la matriz en la cual ocurren fragmentos de hábitat es de igual importancia y enfocamos la calidad de la matriz como una variable interesante. Estudiamos hormigas del suelo en fragmentos aislados de bosque montano en la matriz de agrosistemas de café en el sudoeste de Chiapas, México. Muestreamos hormigas, con aceite de atún como atractante, en parcelas a varias distancias (de 2 a 750 m) de un fragmento de bosque en dos haciendas, uno orgánico con sombra considerable, el otro convencional con sombra escasa. Cada parcela contenía una red de 49 ( 7 X 7) o 100 (10 X 10) cebos. La riqueza de especies de hormiga no fue significativamente diferente entre los fragmentos de bosque y la matriz de alta calidad. Pero fue significativamente menor en la matriz de baja calidad comparada con el bosque. Mas aún, la riqueza de especies disminuyó a mayor distancia del fragmento de bosque en ambos tipos de matriz. Sin embargo, la tasa de disminvaón de la riqueza de especies fue mayor en la hacienda convencional (matriz de baja calidad) que en la hacienda orgánico (matriz de alta calidad). Lo que sugiere que la calidad de la matriz agrícola es importante para la conservación de la diversidad de hormigas.Keywords
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