Modification of Leaf Formation by Cytokinin and Chlormequat (CCC) in Vitis

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Abstract
Application of the cytokinin, 6-(benzylamino)-9-(2-tetrahydropyrany1)-9H-purine (PBA, 1mM) and 2-chloroethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (chlormequat; 3 mM), a growth retardant, to grapevines induced the formation of fused leaves (two laminae and two petioles) and double leaves (two separate petioles each with a single lamina). Double leaves were found in Vitis vinifera L. seedlings, in Vitis riparia and in Muscadinia (Vitis) rotundifolia. In some of the treated vines, leaves arose with opposite phyllotaxy. Other anomalies included production of two opposite axillary buds in axils of opposite leaves and production of two tendrils per node. Some tendrils grew into shoots. In Muscat of Alexandria, application of GA3 (3 μM, 15 μM), followed by an application of chlormequat (0.4 mM, 1.2 mM), led to a marked reduction in the extension growth of axillary shoots.