Affinity purification and characterization of Shiga-like toxin II and production of toxin-specific monoclonal antibodies

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Abstract
Shiga-like toxin II (SLT-II) was purified to apparent homogeneity from Escherichia coli K-12 strain NM522 containing the cloned toxin genes on recombinant plasmid pEB1. Purification was accomplished by a series of column chromatography techniques: anion-exchange, chromatofocusing, cation-exchange, and monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the pure toxin showed that SLT-II consisted of A and B subunits with apparent molecular weights of 32,000 and 10,200 .+-. 800, respectively. A band of molecular weight 25,000 was also observed after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and identified as the A1 subunit by Western immunoblot analysis with toxin-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). The pI of the purified toxin was 5.2. Approximately 1 pg of pure SLT-II was a 50% cytotoxic dose for HeLa cells. The toxin was neutralized by polyclonal antibodies and MAbs to SLT-II, but was not neutralized by polyclonal antibodies or MAbs or SLT-I. Five hybridomas against SLT-II were produced (BC5 BB12, DC1 EH5, EA5 BA3, ED5 DF3, and GB6 BA4). Culture supernatant fluids containing MAbs from these hybridomas did not neutralize the cytotoxicity of SLT-I or Shiga toxin. Western blot analysis showed that two MAbs (MAb DC1 EH5 and MAb GB6 BA4) recognized and A and A1 subunits of SLT-II and three MAbs (MAb BC5 BB12, MAb EA5 BA3, and MAb ED5 DF3) recognized the B subunit of SLT-II. MAb BC5 BB12 was used to prepare an affinity column for toxin purification.