Stomatal responses to changes in temperature at increasing water stress

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Abstract
The response of stomata to a gradual increase in temperature at increasing plant water stress was studied in a hot desert habitat (Negev, Israel) in the field, but under controlled temperature and humidity conditions. Four native species (Zygophyllum dumosum, Artemisia herba-alba, Hammada scoparia, Reaumuria negevensis) and one cultivated plant (Prunus armeniaca) were used in these studies. The stomatal response to temperature was compared with the response in well-irrigated plants of the same species. At low water stress, the diffusion resistance for water vapour decreased in response to a gradual increase in temperature. Transpiration increased accordingly. This response was reversible. All species responded in the same way. The opening of stomata with increasing temperature was apparently independent of the stomatal response regulated by atmospheric humidity. At high plant water stress, the stomatal response was reversed, i.e., the stomata closed when temperature was gradually increased. This stomatal closure was also independent of the closure regulated by atmospheric humidity. The plant water potential at which the stomatal response to temperature was reversed, differed among the species investigated.