The Effects of Smokeless Tobacco on Clinical Parameters of Inflammation and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Prostaglandin E2, Interleukin‐1α, and Interleukin‐1β

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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of smokeless tobacco (ST) on gingival inflammation as assessed clinically and biochemically by gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of PGE2, IL-1α, and IL-1β. These parameters were compared in ST users (n = 12) and control, non-tobacco using subjects (n = 8) matched for plaque and probing depth levels: Both GI and GCF PGE2 concentration were significantly (P P P J Periodontol 1995;66:177–183.