New Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents

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Abstract
Sooner or later bacteria develop resistance to virtually any antimicrobial agent. Resistance has many consequences. The patient infected with a drug-resistant as opposed to a drug-sensitive organism is more likely to require hospitalization and have a longer hospital stay and has an increased risk of death.1 Resistance also compels the use of more toxic or more expensive alternative drugs.2 The unrecognized cost of antibiotic resistance in the United States has been estimated as at least $100 million annually.3 Resistance thus affects the antibiotic options available to every practitioner and is no less a problem in the developing world.4 The evaluation . . .