The Prevention of Young Driver's DWI (Driving While Intoxicated) and RWDI (Riding With a Driver Under Influence) in Europe: A Social-Sequential Model

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Abstract
Inspired by the “critical incident technique” of McKnight et al. (1995) McKnight, AJ , Langston, EA , McKnight, AS and Lange, JE . 1995. “The bases of decisions leading to alcohol impaired driving”. In Proceedings of the 13th ICADTS International Conference, T95 Edited by: Kloeden, C. N. and McLean, A. J. 143–147. Adelaïde [Google Scholar] who analyzed 12,000 drivers' decisions leading to (or not to) DWI, and identified the influence of social, motivational, and economic factors, we have developed a social-sequential model of young drivers' DWI (driving while intoxicated) and RWDI (riding with a driver under influence) prevention. DWI or RWDI may be analyzed as a four-stage process: (1) the decision to drink and to associate leisure activities with drinking; (2) the management of alcohol consumption during the evening; (3) the decision to drive after drinking; and (4) the behavioral adaptation, once the decision to drive is taken (disinhibition of risk-taking or risk compensation). At each of these four stages, preventive action can reflect the intervention of two types of actors: (1) formal social control of behavior is influenced by professionals involved in accident prevention, and (2) informal social control of behavior is influenced by the proximal environment of the subject.