Space-charge instabilities in gyrotron beams

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Abstract
The effects of self-consistent AC space charge are investigated by means of an integral equation for an electron beam in the form of a plane sheet with all the gyrocentres aligned. It is found that the Bernstein mode instability (Hirschfield 1981, Mourier 1980, Charbit et al. 1981) persists for such beams, even in the absence of a cavity surrounding the beam, provided that the beam temperature is not too large (thermal broadening of the resonance) or extremely small (high density stabilization). An eigenvalue condition where electromagnetic effects are included shows how the Bernstein modes couple with cavity modes and how the resonance with an electromagnetic wave can occur. Implications for quasi-optical gyrotrons are discussed.

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