Nonparametric Rank‐Based Methods for Group Sequential Monitoring of Paired Censored Survival Data

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Abstract
Summary. This research gives methods for nonparametric sequential monitoring of paired censored survival data in the two‐sample problem using paired weighted log‐rank statistics with adjustments for dependence in survival and censoring outcomes. The joint asymptotic closed‐form distribution of these sequentially monitored statistics has a dependent increments structure. Simulations validating operating characteristics of the proposed methods highlight power and size consequences of ignoring even mildly correlated data. A motivating example is presented via the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study.