Personal UV Dosimetry by Bacillus subtilis Spore Films

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Abstract
Background: Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is known to be the most important risk factor for melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Until today it has been impossible to measure reliably UVR in the frame of epidemiological studies. The recent development of a spore film containing spores of Bacillus subtilis resulted in a new method of UV measurement by personal dosimetry. Methods: The practical application of dosimeters was tested in 18 study persons under different circumstances of UV exposure and in 4 different geographical regions. Results: Eleven children carried dosimeters on their shoulders for 1 day, playing in- and outdoors on a sunny day in summertime. Their whole-day values ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 minimal erythema doses (MED) per day with a mean of 0.71 MED (±0.44). Four lifeguards in a public swimming-pool carried dosimeters on their shoulders for 11 days and received UV exposures ranging from 3.6 to 9.5 MED (mean 5.9 ± 1.88). Three mountain guides with dosimeters attached to the lateral head in different mountain regions at 23 mountaineering activities received daily exposures of 4.44–17.07 MED (mean 11.9 ± 3.8). Conclusion: B. subtilis spore film dosimeters can be applied to different study persons including children and mountain guides under different climatic conditions. A broad range of UV exposures can reliably be measured with this method.