Interception of lymphatic drainage by Nd: YAG laser irradiation in rat urinary bladder

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Abstract
Lymphatic drainage can be demonstrated by colloidal indian ink injection. A small intramural indian ink spot in the bladder dome is separated from the rest of the rat urinary bladder by encircling transmural Neodymium-YAG (Nd:YAG) laser irradiation. In untreated animals there is an ink flow via the lymphatic vessels to the regional lymph nodes within several hours. In treated animals, after laser irradiation, the indian ink remains in the bladder dome and a penetration of the irradiated area cannot be found by macroscopic and histologic examination. Indian ink will be found in the regional lymph nodes after the ninth day of absorption of the coagulation necrosis and recanalisation of the intercepted lymphatics. Evidence for the interception of the lymphatic drainage is demonstrated by the distinctly delayed ink flow and the injected ink's remaining in the irradiated area. From this, we conclude that Nd:YAG laser irradiation is especially suitable for tumor coagulation, since simultaneous interception of lymphatic drainage will inhibit the spreading of tumor cells.