Fuzzy clustering of gradient‐echo functional MRI in the human visual cortex. Part I: Reproducibility

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Abstract
Reproducibility of human functional MRI (fMRI) studies is essential for clinical and neuroresearch applications of this new human brain mapping method. Based on a recently presented study on reproducibility of gradient‐echo fMRI in the human visual cortex (Moser et al. Magn Reson Imaging 1996; 14:567–579), comparing the performance of three different threshold strategies for correlation analysis, we demonstrate that (a) fuzzy clustering is a robust, model‐independent method to extract functional information in time and space; (b) intertrial reproducibility of cortical activation is significantly improved by the capability of fuzzy clustering to separate signal contributions from larger vessels, running perpendicular to the slice orientation, from activation apparently close to the primary visual cortex; and (c) for repeated single subject studies, SDs of <20% for signal enhancement in approximately 80% of the studies and SDs of <30% for activated area size in approximately 65% of the studies are obtained. This, however, depends also on signal‐to‐noise ratio, (motion) artifacts, and subject cooperation.