Evaluation of peroral transendoscopic contact neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser and snare excision of subepiglottic cysts in horses

Abstract
Summary: Three basic techniques (and one modified technique) were developed, allowing successful excision of subepiglottic cysts in 10 horses (5 Standardbreds, 4 Thoroughbreds, and 1 Quarter Horse; mean age, 3.5 years) via peroral approach. This approach eliminated the need for laryngotomy or pharyngotomy and reduced postoperative care. None of the cysts redeveloped. Clinical signs of disease before surgery included respiratory noise, exercise intolerance, coughing, and dysphagia and were eliminated in all horses except one that raced successfully, but in which some respiratory noise was detected. Peroral subepiglottic cyst excision was performed on anesthetized horses that were positioned in lateral recumbency and intubated via the nares and trachea. General anesthesia allowed careful intraoral palpation and endoscopic visualization of the oropharynx on a television monitor. Custom-designed instruments, including a guide tube, cyst snare, and long grasping forceps, facilitated either laser or snare, or laser and snare cyst excision. Hemorrhage was negligible in all horses. Initial attempts to develop a technique to submucosally excise subepiglottic cysts through a transnasal transendoscopic approach in conscious horses, using a contact neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser, were unsuccessful. In each of 3 horses, the cyst was inadvertently penetrated before it could be excised, causing it to collapse and disappear beneath the soft palate. Postoperative complications were excessive subepiglottic swelling after laser excision (n = 1 horse), which resolved completely in response to anti-inflammatory treatment, and subepiglottic cicatrix formation after snare excision (n= 1 horse), which required surgical excision of the cicatrix.

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