Enhanced Expression of an α2,6-Linked Sialic Acid on MDCK Cells Improves Isolation of Human Influenza Viruses and Evaluation of Their Sensitivity to a Neuraminidase Inhibitor

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Abstract
The extensive use of neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors to treat influenza virus infections mandates close monitoring for resistant variants. Cultured cells do not provide a reliable means of evaluating the susceptibility of human influenza virus isolates to NA inhibitors. That is, the growth of such viruses in cell lines (e.g., Madin-Darby canine kidney [MDCK] cells) is not inhibited by these drugs, even though their sialidase activity is drug-sensitive. Matrosovich et al. (J. Virol. 77:8418-8425, 2003) showed that an MDCK cell line overexpressing the human β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase I (ST6Gal I) gene has the potential to assess the sensitivity of human influenza virus isolates to NA inhibitors, based on studies with a limited number of viruses. Here, we asked whether clinical isolates of influenza virus are universally sensitive to an NA inhibitor (oseltamivir) in an MDCK cell line expressing the ST6Gal I gene. The sensitivity of viruses to oseltamivir correlated with the sensitivity of viral sialidase to the compound, demonstrating the potential utility of this modified cell line for detecting NA inhibitor-resistant viruses. Moreover, in ST6Gal I-overexpressing cells, the growth of human influenza viruses was up to 2 logs higher than in MDCK cells. We conclude that the human ST6Gal I-expressing MDCK cell line is useful not only for evaluating their sensitivity to NA inhibitors, but also for isolation of influenza viruses from clinical samples.