Characterization of Platinum Nanoparticle-Embedded Carbon Film Electrode and Its Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide

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Abstract
A method for the highly sensitive determination of acetylcholine (ACh) and choline (Ch) that employs a graphite-like carbon film electrode containing 6.5% platinum (Pt) nanoparticles was developed for use as a detector in microbore liquid chromatography (LC) with a postcolumn enzyme reactor. The film electrode was prepared by RF cosputtering carbon and Pt, which requires only a one-step formation process. This method can control the Pt content of the film at a relatively low deposition temperature (below 200 °C). The average size of the Pt nanoparticles was 2.5 nm. The film electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity, high sensitivity, and negligible baseline drift when detecting hydrogen peroxide. The electrode was modified with glucose oxidase and responded rapidly to glucose with a much more stable baseline current than at a Pt bulk electrode based sensor. Therefore, it is appropriate to employ the electrode to detect trace amounts of biomolecules, such as neurotransmitters and hormones combined with various oxidase enzymes. We used the electrode as a detector for microbore LC and observed a low detection limit of 2.5 and 2.3 fmol (10-μL injection) for ACh and Ch, respectively, which is ∼1 order of magnitude lower than that of a Pt bulk electrode.