Models for Ductile and Brittle Fracture for Two-Dimensional Wave Propagation Calculations

Abstract
Two-dimensional computational subroutines were constructed to simulate ductile and brittle fracture in Lagrangian wave propagation computer programs applied to armor penetration problems. Included in these subroutines are models of void or crack nucleation and growth, and the stress and strength reduction associated with developing damage. These models extended the earlier one-dimensional models to multidimensional problems, higher shear strain cases, and higher damage levels (including full separation in the ductile model). Two- dimensional wave propagation test calculations were made with the ductile and brittle fracture models to simulate impacts in targets of 1145 aluminum, Armco iron, and XAR30 armor steel. The fracture models were found to function satisfactorily. It is concluded that the fracture models for both ductile and brittle fracture modes are operable and are suitable for insertion as subroutines into Lagrangian wave propagation codes such as HEMP.

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