Checkpoints controlling mitosis

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Abstract
Each year many reviews deal with checkpoint con‐trol.(1–5) Here we discuss checkpoint pathways that control mitosis. We address four checkpoint systems in depth: budding yeast DNA damage, the DNA replication checkpoint, the spindle assembly checkpoint and the mammalian G2 topoisomerase II‐dependent checkpoint. A main focus of the review is the organization of these checkpoint pathways. Recent work has elucidated the order‐of‐function of several checkpoint components, and has revealed that the S phase, DNA damage and spindle assembly checkpoints each have at least two parallel branches. These steps forward have largely come from kinetic studies of checkpoint‐defective mutants. BioEssays 22:351–363, 2000. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.