Influence of sample pH on the conformational backbone dynamics of a pseudotripeptide (H‐Tyr‐TicΨ[CH2‐NH] Phe‐OH) incorporating a reduced peptide bond: An NMR investigation

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Abstract
In the present paper we investigate the influence of sample pH on the conformational and dynamical properties of the pseudotripeptide H‐Tyr‐TicΨ[CH2NH]Phe‐OH(TIP[Ψ]:Tic: l, 2, 3, 4,‐tetrahydroisoquinoline‐3‐carboxylic acid) using various one‐ and two‐dimensional nmt techniques in conjunction with molecular modeling. Studies were conducted at three different pH levels‐corresponding to the zwitterionic peptide containing a formal positive charge(pH 3. 1).the deprotonated molecule(pH 9. 1), and a situation at neutral pH(pH 7. 2) involving both protonated and deprotonated states of the reduced peptide bond. Analysis of the one‐dimensional1H‐nmr spectra reveals that in solution TIP[Ψ]is in slow dynamic exchange between conformations containing cis and trans configurations of the Tyr‐Tic bond. An nmr pH dependence study of the cis:trans ratio indicated that the exchange process was governed by the protonation state of the reduced bond amine. From the nmr data, reduced peptide bond pKavalues of 6. 5 and 7. 5 were determined for the cis and trans conformers, respectively. It was concluded that conformations containing a trans Tyr‐Tic bond are stabilized at law pH by an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the Tyr carbonyl and the reduced peptide bond protonated amine. This observation was corroborated by molecular mechanics investigations that revealed low energy trans structures compatible with nmr structural data, and furthermore, were consistently characterized by the existence of a strong N+ HO C interaction closing a seven‐membered cycle. The dynamics of cis‐trans isomerization about the Tyr‐Tic peptide bond were probed by nmr exchange experiments. The selective presaturation of exchanging resonances carried out at several temperatures between 50 and 70°C allowed the determination of isomerization rate constants as well as thermodynamic activation parameters. ΔG≠ values were in close agreement with the cis → trans energy barrier found in X‐Pro peptide fragments (∼83 kJ/mol).A large entropic barrier determined for the trans → cis conversion of TIP[Ψ](5. 7 JK−1 mol−1 at pH 3. 1; 6. 5 JK−1 mol−1 at pH 9. 1) is discussed in terms of decreased solvent molecular ordering around the conformers possessing a trans Tyr‐Tic bond. Evidence that the neutral form of the reduced peptide bond gains rigidity upon protonation was obtained from relaxation measurements in the rotating frame. TJp measurements of several protons in the vicinity of the reduced peptide bond were made as a function of spin‐lock field. Quantitative analysis of the relaxation data indicated that chemical shift fluctuations in the 10−4‐10−5s range were more pronounced in the case of deprotonated TIP[Ψ]. Results of molecular dynamics simulations in addition to 3Jαβ coupling constant measurements support the experimentally observed greater flexibility in the C‐terminal region of TIP[Ψ]. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.