Increased Risk of Meningitis and Bacteremia Due to Listeria monocytogenes in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Abstract
The incidence, demographics, and clinical outcome of infections due to Listeria monocytogenes in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were evaluated by prospective population-based surveillance. During a 2-year study period, 37 cases of invasive listeriosis occurred in metropolitan Atlanta (annual incidence, 0.8 case per 100,000 population). Seven of these cases occurred in known HIV-infected individuals (19% of all cases); five had an AIDS-defining illness, and the other two had CD4 lymphocyte cell counts of L. monocytogenes serotypes l/2a, l/2b, and 4b were isolated from the HIV-infected patients. L. monocytogenes is an important opportunistic pathogen in HIV-infected patients.

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