The Application of Feedback Principles to Instrumentation for Potentiostatic Studies

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Abstract
The use of the potentiostatic method for fast kinetic studies requires instrumentation which must be capable of furnishing large transient currents (to charge the electrical double layer as rapidly as possible) but which, at the same time, must be able to provide accurate potential control with minimum noise. These characteristics can be obtained by using modern operational amplifiers, but only if proper attention is given to matching the electrolysis cell with the electronic circuit so as to provide optimum response and stability. The feedback principles and elementary control circuit theory required to design and operate such instruments are reviewed here.