Leading in the 1990s: The Four I′s of Transformational Leadership
- 1 April 1991
- journal article
- Published by Emerald Publishing in Journal of European Industrial Training
- Vol. 15 (4)
- https://doi.org/10.1108/03090599110143366
Abstract
The characteristics which differentiate transactional from transformational leadership are discussed, highlighting the differences between managers and leaders. Four distinct characteristics – the Fours I′s – associated with transformational leadership are described with respect to their evolution and influence on follower development, effort and performance. The advantages of combining transactional and transformational leadership styles into an overall framework of leadership development for leading in the 1990s are also discussed.Keywords
This publication has 2 references indexed in Scilit:
- Developing Transformational Leadership: 1992 and BeyondJournal of European Industrial Training, 1990
- Transformational Leadership and the Falling Dominoes EffectGroup & Organization Studies, 1987