Studies on the Fragmented Shoot Apex of Grapevine

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Abstract
Adventitious shoots were induced on apical fragments of the grapevine, cv. Meunier, a presumptive periclinal chimera. This cultivar resembles Pinot noir in essential characteristics, but is phenotypically distinguishable by the dense white mat of hairs on the apex and expanding leaves (tomentose phenotype). Plants derived from apical culture were of three types: (i) phenotypically resembling Meunier, (ii) bearing tomentose leaves with comparatively hairless sectors, and (iii) with completely non-tomentose shoots phenotypically similar to Pinot noir. These results establish that adventitious buds of grapevine produced by this method are multicellular in origin and are not derived from single cells. Furthermore, it is concluded that fragmented shoot apex culture of grapevine periclinal chimeras disturbs the integrity of apical tissue allowing separation of component genotypes. Fragmented apex culture of such chimeras is not recommended where trueness-to-type is of prime importance. However, circumstances under which this technique may be usefully applied to separate chimeral genotypes are discussed.

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