Intestinal Escherichia coli infections

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Abstract
Escherichia coli infection is one of the important causes of diarrheal diseases worldwide, particularly among infants and children. While local adherent enteroadherent E. coli are associated with infantile acute diarrhea, nontoxigenic aggregative adherent E. coli have become one of the major pathogens for persistent diarrhea. Novel bundle-forming pili in localized adherent E. coli and bundle-forming fimbriae in aggregative adherent E. coli each responsible for their particular adherence have been identified. Enterotoxigenic E. coli are involved in neonatal diarrhea and travelers' diarrhea. Although a family of colonization factors have been identified, in up to 25% of enterotoxigenic E. coli, colonization factors have not been determined. Verocytotoxin-producing enterohemorrhagic E. coli responsible for bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome are a family of serotypes producing a variety of verocytotoxins, and outbreaks are commonly related to contamination of meat as well as water. New technologies have resulted in improved methods for isolation and detection of E. coli and new therapies are under investigation. These exciting new findings hold potential for substantially improved diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of intestinal E. coli infections.

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