Host Antibody Response to Viral Structural and Nonstructural Proteins after Hepatitis A Virus Infection

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Abstract
Subgenomic hepatitis A virus (HAV) RNA sequences were translated in vitro to produce proteins representing the structural (P1) and nonstructural (P2 and P3) domains of the viral polyprotein. These proteins were used as antigens to detect the presence of antibodies in sera from acute and convalescent humans and an experimentally infected chimpanzee. All infected individuals tested had antibodies that recognized uncleaved P1 proteins as well as nonstructural proteins. Antibodies in sera from infected individuals recognized conformation-dependent epitopes that were sensitive to SDS and heat treatment. Time-course studies of the experimentally infected chimpanzee showed that antibodies to the HAVproteins were detectable between 24 and 31 days after infection and persisted for >6 months. Human sera remained positive for antibodies to both structural and nonstructural antigens for at least 2½ years. The data suggest that HAV nonstructural proteins could be used as serologic markers for HAV diagnosis and for evaluating field trials of inactivated vaccines.

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