Effect of waves at a gas—liquid interface on a turbulent air flow
- 29 January 1968
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Cambridge University Press (CUP) in Journal of Fluid Mechanics
- Vol. 31 (3) , 467-479
- https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112068000285
Abstract
Air flowing over a liquid surface encounters an increased resistance if waves are present. The relation of this increased resistance to the properties of the waves has been studied. Air and a liquid flowed co-currently in an enclosed channel which is 12 in. wide and 1 in. high and which is long enough so that flow in the air and the liquid and the interfacial structure are fully developed. The drag on interfaces with three-dimensional wave structures was found to increase with the square of the gas velocity and to depend more on the height of the waves than on other parameters characterizing the interface. The ratio of the equivalent sand roughness to the root-mean-square of the fluctuations in the height of the liquid film is approximately equal to 3 √2. The velocity profiles in the gas were found to be different from what has been reported for flows over sand roughened surfaces.Keywords
This publication has 6 references indexed in Scilit:
- Fully Developed Turbulent Flow in AnnuliJournal of Basic Engineering, 1964
- Relation of interfacial shear stress to the wave height for concurrent air‐water flowAIChE Journal, 1961
- Measurement of interfacial structure for co-current air–water flowJournal of Fluid Mechanics, 1961
- Experimental investigation of horizontal liquid filmsChemical Engineering Science, 1959
- Interaction between a turbulent air stream and a moving water surfaceAIChE Journal, 1957
- The Turbulent Boundary LayerPublished by Elsevier ,1956