Peniotron interactions in gyrotrons I. Qualitative analysis †

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Abstract
A physical interpretation of beam modes in typical vacuum tubes is proposed showing that each beam mode leads to three different beam mode lines in gyrotron-typc devices, two of which are peniotron (resonant) interactions, the third one being n. synchronous (gyrotron) interaction. Using the definition as given in this paper, it is shown that both peniotron and gyrotron interactions generally coexist in gyrotron-type devices, hut, that either one or the other predominates. The coupling terms entering the small-signal dispersion relationship of gyrotrons is shown to implicitly contain the three different interactions. By placing the guiding centre of thc beam electrons in gyrotron beams at a proper location, the gyrotron interaction can become negligibly small as compared to peniotron interactions (Js−m(x) = 0).

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