The Evolution of Altruistic Behavior

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Abstract
Interpopulation selection, often invoked for adaptations which classical selection cannot explain, is a mode so far unsupported by mathematical models. Genetical evolution through "benefit to the species" is in fact hardly credible. As an alternative a generalisation of the classical model is suggested which assumes that the individuals benefitted by altruistic behavior are relatives of the altruist. If r is the relationship (Wright''s coefficient) and k the ratio benefit-to-relative/ detriment-to-altruist a criterion for positive selection of a causative genotype is K >l/r. Parental care is a special case. Some previous views are mentioned.

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