The Predictive Significance of Substaging Stage A Prostate Cancer (A1 Versus A2) for Volume and Grade of Total Cancer in the Prostate

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Abstract
Morphometric analysis was performed on 44 radical prostatectomy specimens for clinical stages A1 and A2 carcinoma of the prostate. The majority of stage A cancers (86%) were located in the transition zone of the prostate, while only 14% arose in the peripheral zone. The subclassification into stages A1 and A2 based on the percentage of cancer in the transurethral resection chips did not reliably distinguish those cancers of high volume (transurethral resection plus residual). All 6 cases with Gleason grade 4 elements in the transurethral resection chips had relatively high volume cancer. In 32 of the 44 cases (73%) unsuspected cancers unrelated to the tumor detected at transurethral resection were found in the radical prostatectomy specimen. Of these cancers 87% were nontransition zone tumors. Eight unsuspected cancers were larger than the stage A cancer but only 2 of them were larger than 1 cc. Post-resection serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels were elevated with increasing total residual cancer volume in the radical specimen. In 19 of 20 cases with a PSA of greater than 2.5 ng./ml. the total residual cancer volume was more than 0.9 cc, while in 7 of 8 with a PSA of less than 1 ng./ml. total residual tumor volume was lower than 0.4 cc.