Pharmacological studies on Ginger. I. Pharmacological actions of pungent constituents, (6)-gingerol and (6)-shogaol.

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Abstract
General pharmacological studies were performed on (6)-gingerol and (6)-shogaol which are the pungent constituents of ginger (Z. officinale). I.v. administration of (6)-gingerol (at 1.75-3.5 mg/kg) or (6)-shogaol (at 1.75-3.5 mg/kg) and oral administration of them (at 70-140 mg/kg) in mice produced an inhibition of spontaneous motor activity, an antipyretic and analgesic effect, prolonged hexobarbital-induced sleeping time, and these effects of (6)-shogaol were more intensive than that of (6)-gingerol for the most part. (6)-Shogaol showed an intense antussive effect in comparison with dihydrocodeine phosphate. In the EEG of cortex, the low amplitude fast wave pattern was observed for 5 min after i.v, administration of (6)-shogaol, and then changed to the drowsy pattern, which was restored after 60 min. In the gastro-interstinal system, (6)-shogaol intensively inhibited the traverse of charcoal meal through the intestine in contrast with (6)-gingerol after i.v. adminstration of 3.5 mg/kg, but (6)-shogaol facilitated such an intestinal function after oral administration of 35 mg/kg. Both (6)-shogaol and (6)-gingerol suppressed gastric contraction in situ, and the suppression by the former was more intensive than that by the latter. In the cardiovascular system, both (6)-shogaol and (6)-gingerol produced depressor response at lower doses on the blood pressure. At high doses, both drugs produced a 3 phase pattern.

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