Retinal toxicity of antibiotics: Evaluation by electroretinogram

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Abstract
Toxicity of an intravitreal injection of gentamicin sulfate, disodium sulbenicillin and cefazolin sodium on the retina was investigated by electroretinogram in albino and pigmented rabbits. Recordings were made before injection and 2 hours and 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after injection. Significant differences were found in the susceptibility of the electroretinogram components to various antibiotics as follows. Gentamicin 0.24mg/0.1ml irreversibly abolished all the components examined. Sulbenicillin 4.0, 8.0, or 12mg/0.1ml transiently suppressed the fawave and the oscillatory potentials incrementally with increasing dose. Cefazolin 0.5, 2.0, or 5.0mg/0.1 ml selectively reduced the oscillatory potentials, leaving the a- and b-waves almost unattenuated. The cefazolin-suppressed oscillatory potentials recovered within 14 days after injection. Judging from the most susceptible electroretinogram components to each antibiotic, we recommend intravitreal doses of these antibiotics for clinical use as follows: gentamicin 0.1 mg/0.1 ml, sulbenicillin 2mg/0.1 ml, and cefazolin 0.25mg/0.1 ml.

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