A spatio-temporal ray launching propagation model for UMTS pico and microcellular environments

Abstract
In this paper a new ray-launching algorithm is presented that builds on earlier image based research models. The algorithm has been developed to meet the advanced propagation needs of third and fourth generation networks. New features are incorporated to model unrestricted multiple reflection, transmission and diffraction in three-dimensional pico and microcellular environments. The model simulates full indoor/outdoor interaction, in addition to dedicated indoor or outdoor modelling modes. Results are shown to compare well with wideband microcellular measurements taken in the 2 GHz UMTS band.