Chromatographic Data Systems: A Critical Review

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Abstract
A. Perspective and Goal This review article spans over 30 years of chromatography advancement and development. Coincident with the evolution of chromatography was that of laboratory data automation. The first commercial gas chromatograph appeared in 1955,1 whereas the first commercial digital integrator appeared in 1961.2 Several data systems emerged in the late 1960s3–6 that led to the arrival of the first commercial computer-based electronic integrator in 1972.7 Two major advancements were most influential to the development of data automation; initially there was the development of solid-state operational amplifiers that led to analog peak integrators. Prior to this time, manual peak integration methods were used. Then the advancement of integrated circuits allowed digital logic to be introduced. Today, all commercial and noncommercial laboratory integrators are sophisticated computer-based systems. This article generally follows this chronological development.