Defining leaf area index for non‐flat leaves

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Abstract
To eliminate the confusion in the definition of leaf area index (L) for non‐flat leaves, the projection coefficients of several objects including spheres, cylinders, hemicircular cylinders, and triangular and square bars are investigated through mathematical derivation and numerical calculation for a range of ellipsoidal angular distributions. It is shown that the projection coefficient calculated based on half the total intercepting area is close to a constant of 0.5 when the inclination angle of the objects is randomly (spherically) distributed, whereas the calculated results based on the object's largest projected area are strongly dependent on the shape of the objects. Therefore, it is suggested that the leaf area index of non‐flat leaves be defined as half the total intercepting area per unit ground surface area and that the definition ofLbased on the projected leaf area be abandoned.