Microalbuminuria is associated with unfavourable cardiac geometric adaptations in essential hypertensive subjects

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Abstract
We sought in this study to examine the relationship between microalbuminuria and cardiac geometry since a slight increased urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and increased left ventricular (LV) mass have both been identified as predictors of cardiovascular events in hypertensive subjects. For this purpose, microalbuminuria was determined in three non-consecutive 24-h urine samples as UAE of 20–200 mg/24 h in a group of 249 untreated hypertensive subjects. Echocardiographic classification of patients into LV geometric patterns was based on relative wall thickness values and on gender-specific values for LV mass index (LVMI). The group of patients with microalbuminuria (n = 119) was matched for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status and plasma cholesterol level with the group of patients without microalbuminuria (n = 130). Subjects with microalbuminuria had significantly increased LVMI (111 vs 90 g/m2, P < 0.0001), relative wall thickness (0.46 vs 0.41, P < 0.001) and office systolic and diastolic blood pressure (161 vs 148 and 101 vs 97 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.005). For the pooled population, UAE was positively correlated to LVMI (r = 0.46, P < 0.001) and relative wall thickness (r = 0.47, P < 0.001). In the entire population, normal LV geometry, concentric LV remodelling, eccentric and concentric LV hypertrophy was found in 34%, 33%, 12% and 21%, respectively. The prevalence of normal LV geometry was significantly higher in normoalbuminuric compared with microalbumnuric subjects (55 vs 14%, P < 0.001) while the prevalence of concentric LV hypertrophy was significantly higher in microalbuminuric compared with normoalbuminuric subjects (32 vs 5%, P < 0.0001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that concentric LV hypertrophy was significantly associated with increased values of UAE and mean arterial pressure. In conclusion, the higher prevalence of unfavourable LV geometric patterns in hypertensive subjects with microalbuminuria compared with those without microalbuminura, may account for the worse cardiovascular outcomes associated with the presence of an increased UAE in hypertensive subjects.