Obesity and Estrogen as Risk Factors for Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms

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Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity are both highly prevalent in Western societies, and the occurrence of these conditions is rapidly increasing.1-7 Reflux has an adverse impact on quality of life,8 and the costs for long-term antireflux medication are high.9 Reflux symptoms10-12 and obesity13,14 are strong and independent risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma, a cancer that has increased significantly in incidence during recent decades.15,16