Optically Nonlinear Bragg Diffracting Nanosecond Optical Switches

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Abstract
Monodisperse, highly charged colloidal particles in low ionic strength solutions self-assemble into bcc or fcc crystalline colloidal arrays (CCAs) due to interparticle repulsive interactions. We demonstrate that a CCA of dyed particles embedded in a poly acrylamide hydrogel acts as a nanosecond optical Bragg diffraction switching device. Under low light intensities the CCA is refractive index matched to the medium and does not diffract. However, high intensity excitation within the dye absorption band heats the spheres within nanoseconds to decrease their refractive index. The array “pops up” to diffract light within 2.5 ns. These intelligent CCA hydrogels may have applications in optical limiting, computing, and nanosecond fast optical switching devices, etc.

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