The Horizontality Principle in Young Men and Women

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Abstract
The Water Level Test is a cognitive-perceptual measure of the understanding of the horizontality principle, the idea that the surface of still water is always horizontal. In that test, the subject draws a line representing the water level in several drawings of tilted containers. The tilt of the containers influenced the performance of both sexes, but women made significantly greater errors than men. For both sexes, the scores correlated with those of the Concealed Figures Test. On the U-rube Test, which is designed to assess knowledge of a simple hydrostatic principle, there was no significant sex difference. A gender-related Adjective Checklist was also administered, and all measures were intercorrelated.