Healthcare Workers' Risk of Contact with Body Fluids in a Hospital: The Effect of Complying with the Universal Precautions Policy

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Abstract
Objective: To test whether healthcare workers' knowledge of and compliance with the basic principle of the Universal Precautions policy (i.e., that all patients should be treated equally regarding contact with body fluids) influenced the rate of contact with patient blood. Design: Survey based on anonymous questionnaires. Setting: A 380-bed secondary and tertiary care hospital receiving emergency and elective patients. Participants: All employees having any contact with patients. Nine hundred one of 1,308 (69%) of the questionnaires were returned. Results: Twelve percent of the respondents (95% confidence interval $[CI_{95}]= 10.0%-14.4%$) had experienced any contact with patient blood in the week preceding their answer. Physicians had the highest rate of contact with blood followed by nurses. In the five groups-physicians, nurses, laboratory technicians and phlebotomists, nursing aides, and student nurses-contact with blood was less frequent in the subgroup that did know and comply with the basic principle of the Universal Precautions policy, compared with the subgroup that did not. When adding the results for the 5 groups, contact with blood was experienced by 91 of 571 (15.9%, $CI_{95}= 13%-19%$) of the personnel who did not know and comply with Universal Precautions. The personnel who did know and comply with Universal Precautions had a significantly lower (9 of 111 [8.1%], p