Effect of cadmium on gametogenesis and offspring of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

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Abstract
Effects were examined of chronic exposure to cadmium sulfate(5, 1, 0.5 and 0.1 mg Cd/l) on gametogenesis of mature sea urchins S. intermedius, and on the development of their offspring. Embryogenesis in uncontaminated sea water (33.permill. S) was observed up to the early pluteus. At 5 mg Cd/l, test animals died within several h; at 1 mg Cd/l, within several days; at 0.5 mg Cd/l, within 1 mo. Cd concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mg/l induced obvious anomalies in ovocytes. Long-term exposure of adults to 0.1 mg Cd/l produced no changes in external appearance or any obvious histological alterations in gonads. Such exposure led to the production of anomalous sex cells and resulted in inviable offspring.

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