Electron Spin Resonance of S-State Ions in Barium Fluoride

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Abstract
The electron spin resonance of manganese and gadolinium impurities in barium fluoride have been studied at room and liquid‐nitrogen temperatures. The normal hyperfine interaction constant A is found to be —97.0±1.0 G at 300°K and —101.6±1.0 G at 77°K. The low‐temperature data reveals the ``super'' hyperfine interaction of the 3d manganese electrons with the fluorine nuclei and the contributions from s and p orbitals are approximately | As|=5.7 G and | Ap|=1.1 G, respectively. The spectroscopic splitting factor g is measured to be 1.9998±0.0010. No crystalline electric field splitting is detectable. The gadolinium data reveals significant crystalline electric field splitting of both fourth‐ and sixth‐order cubic and possibly some lower symmetry. These are found to be C=159.3 G and D=—5.5 G, respectively and the g factor is 1.984±0.020. Some of the low field, higher order transitions of gadolinium are also reported. Where possible, comparison with results on similar crystals is presented. Measurements were made at 8.6 Gc with impurity concentration at about 0.2% ionic concentration.

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