Testicular seminoma stage I: Treatment results and long‐term follow‐up (1968–1988)

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Abstract
Sixty‐nine patients with stage I testicular seminoma were referred to the Northern Israel Oncology Center between 1968 and 1987. Sixty‐four patients were irradiated postoperatively and five patients had surveillance alone. Complete follow‐up was available for all patients, with a median follow‐up of 86 months (range 9–239 months). The last follow‐up was in December 1988. Actuarial survival was 94% to 5, 10, 15, and 20 years. Six patients relapsed following completion of irradiation. All the recurrences occurred outside the radiation field. Three of the relapsed patients could be salvaged with cisplatinum‐based chemotherapy and are alive at 4, 7, and 10 years following second‐line treatment. Acute or chronic side effects were mild and manageable. Seven patients developed second primary cancers, two within and six outside the radiation field. While surveillance policy alone in stage I testicular seminoma may be successful in terms of patient outcome, it requires prolonged observation, good compliance of patients, and intensive use of resources. Thus, until proved otherwise, infradiaphragmatic radiotherapy should further remain the optimal routine treatment in seminoma patients with stage I disease.