IgG subclass levels and immune reconstitution after T cell-depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

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Abstract
SUMMARY: Defects of humoral immunity are well documented after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Immunoglobulin recovery can be impaired and selective deficiencies of IgG subclasses have been reported. The nature of these deficiencies may reflect patterns of infection in the post-BMT period. We studied immunoglobulin and IgG subclass recovery in 20 long term (> 100 days) survivors of T depleted allogeneic BMT. Although there was no fall in mean levels of IgG, IgM or IgA for the patient group, 14 patients (70%) developed a deficiency of one or more immunoglobulin isotype at some stage post-BMT. Eight patients (40%) had deficiency of IgG, IgA and IgM and six had selective deficiencies. When IgG subclasses were measured it was seen that mean levels of IgG2 and IgG4 fell post-BMT with trough levels occurring at around 120 days post-transplant. Sixty per cent of patients developed IgG2 subclass deficiency and of these patients 78% had an associated IgG4 deficiency. Deficiencies of IgG1 and IgG3 were less common and less prolonged than those of lgG2 and lgG4; in addition, mean levels of IgG1 and IgG3 showed a rise early post-BMT. In conclusion, a majority of our patients developed immunoparesis following BMT, usually at around 120 days after transplantation. IgG2 subclass deficiency, often in association with IgG4 deficiency, is common and may occur despite normal total IgG levels. Deficiencies of immunoglobulin and IgG subclasses may persist for longer than 1 year post-BMT. Differing profiles of immunoglobulin and IgG subclass recovery may help dictate patterns of infection in long-term survivors of BMT.