Differential verbal conditioning of heart rate with minimization of changes in respiratory rate.

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Abstract
A differential verbal-conditioning paradigm was used to study the pattern of heart-rate changes characterizing anticipation of shock. When heart rate had stabilized following a change to breathing at a fixed rate, anticipation of shock during an 8-sec. CS-US interval was reflected initially by acceleration of heart rate, followed by deceleration. A nonreinforced CS produced an initial acceleration followed by acceleration. When breathing at a fixed rate began with onset of the reinforcement CS, the CR manifested less initial acceleration and the succeeding deceleratory phase was accentuated. Heart-rate changes produced by continously reinforced, intermittently reinforced, and nonreinforced CSs were maximally differentiated during initial presentations of these stimuli.

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